Little cogs.
Big aha.

Is your charger safe?

We cracked open a ₹199 charger next to a good one. Inside the good one, in the order power flows:

1. 1Fuse. The bodyguard: it blows before a fault becomes a fire.
2. 2Rectifier. Flips wiggly AC into one-way current.
3. 3Big capacitor. Holds about 325 V, right next to your pillow.
4. 4Switching chip + transformer. Switches about 100,000 times a second so a tiny transformer can step the voltage down.
5. 5The safety gap. The high-voltage side and your side never touch.
6. 6Smart chips. A light-signal chip reports across the gap; a USB-C chip asks your phone how much power it wants.